In recent years, Uzbekistan has set its sights on becoming a developed country, prioritizing reform and strategic action to achieve this ambitious goal. While currently categorized as a developing state by the International Monetary Fund, Uzbekistan recognizes that a transition to a developed country requires comprehensive reforms in various areas, including the economy, welfare of the population, and protection of human rights and freedoms.
Political Will and Reform Initiatives:
Since a change in political power in 2016, Uzbekistan has demonstrated a strong commitment to reform and development. Several key documents have been adopted to guide the country’s progress, such as the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development (2017-2021), the Development Strategy of the New Uzbekistan (2022-2026), and the Strategy “Uzbekistan – 2030”. The adoption of an updated Constitution and a new Labor Code further strengthens the constitutional foundations of the New Uzbekistan.
The Social State Model:
A key aspect of the new Constitution is the designation of Uzbekistan as a social state. This model is founded upon the principles of social justice, with a particular emphasis on labor rights as a fundamental element. The concept of “decent work” has replaced the right to work, encompassing fair wages, favorable working conditions, and reliable social protection. This emphasis on creating decent jobs has been echoed by human rights activists and experts.
Expanded Rights and Protections:
The new Constitution also reinforces various rights related to work and labor activity. The right to freely choose a profession and type of activity has been broadened to include opportunities for employment, self-employment, civil service, and more. The prohibition of forced labor and any form of child labor has been explicitly stated, indicating a clear commitment to eradicating these practices. Additionally, provisions for vocational training, protection from unemployment, the right to rest, and limited working hours further demonstrate an intention to ensure fair and safe labor practices.
Alignment with International Labor Standards:
Uzbekistan’s efforts to uphold basic labor rights align with international standards set by the International Labour Organization (ILO). The principles enshrined in the new Constitution and Labor Code reflect key elements of the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work, ensuring equal labor rights, freedom of association, the prohibition of forced and child labor, and non-discrimination in the workplace.
Progress towards Eliminating Forced Labor in Cotton Production:
Uzbekistan has also made significant strides in tackling the issue of forced labor, particularly in the cotton industry. Modernization efforts in the country’s agrarian economy initiated by President Sh. Mirziyoyev have led to a steady decline in forced labor practices. Independent monitoring, the launch of the “Better Work” program, and partnerships with global brands testify to Uzbekistan’s commitment to eradicating forced labor and creating decent job opportunities in the textile and clothing sector.
International Recognition and Cooperation:
The international community has recognized Uzbekistan’s progress, evidenced by the lifting of the boycott on Uzbek cotton and the country’s beneficiary status under the European Union’s Common System of Privileges “GSP+”. Collaborative efforts with organizations like the ILO and the World Bank have further supported Uzbekistan’s path to sustainable development and the protection of human rights.
Uzbekistan’s journey towards becoming a developed state is marked by significant reforms, focusing on economic growth, improved living standards, and the protection of labor rights. The constitutional and legislative changes, efforts to eliminate forced labor, and international cooperation showcase the country’s determination to ensure a prosperous future for its citizens. With continued commitment and strategic action, Uzbekistan is poised to achieve its vision of a developed state with a high standard of living for its people.
Market Capital Research 