When Joko Widodo, affectionally known as Jokowi, took office as Indonesia’s seventh President in 2014, it was seen as a hopeful turning point for the country’s democracy. Coming from humble beginnings as a carpenter and furniture businessman, Jokowi was considered a refreshing outsider in a political landscape dominated by dynasties. However, as Jokowi’s tenure nears its end, concerns about democratic decline have come to the forefront, with the controversial project to develop a new capital called Nusantara becoming a symbol of this backslide.
The Unfulfilled Promise of Nusantara:
The ambitious plan to relocate Indonesia’s capital from Jakarta to Borneo has faced widespread skepticism and criticism since its announcement in 2019. Issues such as inadequate public consultation, land disputes with indigenous communities, and concerns about excessive Chinese investment have cast a shadow of doubt over the project. Moreover, the undemocratic nature of the new capital, which will be governed without elected local leaders, raises concerns about the erosion of democratic principles.
Jakarta’s Challenges and Nusantara’s Escape:
Jakarta, the current capital, has been plagued by issues such as heavy traffic congestion, regular flooding, hazardous pollution, and a sinking landscape. While authorities continue to seek solutions for Jakarta’s problems, Nusantara appears as a fresh start, free from these challenges. However, critics argue that rather than being a genuine solution, the new capital is merely an escape plan for successive administrations’ failure to address Jakarta’s urban environmental issues.
Detachment from Civic Society:
Jakarta has a history of being the stage for important moments in Indonesian politics, including protests that led to the fall of a dictator and demonstrations against controversial legislation. By relocating the capital, decision-makers risk becoming more detached from dissent and civic society. Similar projects in other parts of the world, such as Myanmar’s Naypyidaw and Egypt’s New Administrative Capital, have been criticized for diminishing public participation and protest.
Governance Concerns:
Nusantara’s governance structure has raised concerns among local observers. Instead of being governed by elected mayors or governors, the new capital will be governed by a Capital City Authority, whose chairpersons are appointed by the President. This arrangement raises questions about the role of citizens and their ability to participate in decision-making processes.
Jokowi’s Legacy and Democratic Decline:
Jokowi, who has focused on economic growth and delivering results during his presidency, has also faced criticism for increased online censorship, a crackdown on critics, and legislative changes that limit democratic values. Additionally, he has been accused of building his own political dynasty, with family members taking key state positions. The potential ascension of presidential candidate Prabowo, known for his opposition to democratic reforms, could further centralize power and veer towards authoritarianism.
While Jokowi’s presidency began with optimism for Indonesian democracy, his term has witnessed democratic decline. The Nusantara project, far from being a solution, seems to perpetuate the avoidance of Jakarta’s problems and disconnect decision-makers from civic society. Coupled with concerns about governance and the potential for a more authoritarian-leaning leader, Indonesia’s democratic future remains uncertain. It is crucial for citizens, civil society organizations, and the international community to closely monitor these developments and advocate for the preservation of democratic values.
Market Capital Research 